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Components of Vaastu Shastra
All places of dwelling are termed Vastu however the actual physical manifestation of the dwelling is called
Vaastu. There are four categories of Vaastu- *
The earth/ site- Bhoomi, the principal dwelling place on which everything else rests
The structures on the earth - Prasada
Movable objects (vehicles) - Yaana
Furniture- Sayana
As these categories suggest, the principles of Vaastu Shastra extend from the macro level to the micro level- site
selection, site planning and orientation, zoning and disposition of rooms, proportional relationships between the
various parts of buildings and the character of buildings.
Vaastu Purusha Mandala
The Vaastu Purusha Mandala is an indispensable part of Vaastu Shastra and constitutes the mathematical and
diagrammatic basis for generating design. Purusha refers to energy, power, soul or cosmic man.Mandala is the
generic name for any plan/ chart, which represents the cosmos metaphysically/ symbolically, a microcosm of the
universe.
In Hindu cosmology the surface of the earth is represented as a square, the most fundamental of all Hindu
forms. The earth is represented as four cornered with reference to the horizon's relationship with sunrise and
sunset, the North and South direction. It is called Chaturbhuji- four cornered- and represented in the symbolic
form of the Prithvi Mandala. The astrological charts or horoscopes(Rasi, Navamsa, etc.,) also represent in a
square plan the ecliptic- the positions of the sun, moon, planets and zodiacal constellations with reference to a
specific person's place and time of birth.
The Vaastu Purusha Mandala is a specific type of mandala used in Vaastu Shastra. It is the metaphysical plan of
a building/temple/site that incorporates the course of the heavenly bodies and supernatural forces.
The legend of the Vaastu Purusha is related thus. Once a formless being blocked the heaven from the earth and
Brahma with many other Gods trapped him to the ground. This incident is depicted graphically in the Vaastu
Purusha Mandala with portions allocated hierarchically to each God based on the contributions and positions in
performing this act. Brahma occupied the central portion - the Brahmasthana- and other Gods were distributed
around in a concentric pattern. There are 45 Gods in all including 32 outer Gods.
The principal Gods/ presiding deities of each direction (called the ashtadikpalar) are:
Northeast- Eeshanya- Ruled by Lord of all quarters or Eeshwara Siva(Religions,Luck and Faith)
East- Aditya- Ruled by Sun God - Aditya (Seeing the world)
Southeast- Agni- Ruled by Lord of Fire - Agni (Energy Generating)
South- Yama- Ruled by Lord of Death - Yama (Damaging)
Southwest- Pitru- Ruled by ancestors (History)
West- Varuna- Ruled by Lord of water (Physical)
Northwest-Vayu- ruled by Lord Of Winds (Advertisement)
North- Kubera- Ruled by Lord of Wealth (Finance)
Centre-Brahmas- Ruled by Lord/Creator of the Universe (Desire)
Aspects of environment and energy
Vaastu Shastra describes various criteria which determine the choice of a site. The most exalted shape for a site
is square, however rectangle is also acceptable. It explains about soil examination or Bhu- Pariksha. One
particular test involves the digging of a hole and refilling it again with the dug soil. Based on the volume occupied
by this soil in the pit, its characteristics are determined. A gnomon is used in determining the orientation, this
practice is called Sanku Sthaapanam. Vaastu Shastra also prescribes sites suitable for different castes.
Vaastu Shastra prescribes desirable characteristics for sites and buildings based on flow of energy. Many of the
rules are attributed to cosmological considerations - the sun's path, the rotation of the earth, magnetic field,
etc., The morning sun is considered especially beneficial and purifying and hence the East is a treasured
direction. The body is considered a magnet with the head, the heaviest and most important part, being
considered the North Pole and the feet the South pole. Hence sleeping with one's head in the North is believed
to cause a repulsive force with the earth's magnetic North and thus considered harmful. Bedrooms are therefore
designed keeping this in mind. This is a wide spread practice in Tamil Nadu even today.
Energy is primarily considered as emanating from the Northeast corner and many site and building characteristics
are derived from this. Sites sloping down towards North or East from higher levels of South and West are
considered good. Open spaces in site and openings in the building are to be more in the North and East than in
the South and the West. No obstacles are to be present in the North and the East. Levels and height of
buildings are to be higher in the South and West when compared to the North and East.The Southwest corner is
to be the highest, followed by Southeast, then by Northwest and finally by Northeast. The triangle formed by
joining the Southwest, Southeast and the Northwest corner of the site is attributed to the moon and the triangle
formed by joining the Northeast, Northwest and Southeast corner of the site is attributed to the sun. The former
are prescribed to be heavier and higher and the latter light and lower. Sites having a longer East- West axis are
considered better. The diagonal connecting Southwest and Northeast is to be longer than the diagonal
connecting Southeast and Northwest. An extended Northeast corner is considered beneficial.

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